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وَمَآ أَرْسَلْنَا مِن قَبْلِكَ مِن رَّسُولٍ وَلاَ نَبِيٍّ إِلاَّ إِذَا تَمَنَّىٰ أَلْقَى ٱلشَّيْطَانُ فِيۤ أُمْنِيَّتِهِ فَيَنسَخُ ٱللَّهُ مَا يُلْقِي ٱلشَّيْطَانُ ثُمَّ يُحْكِمُ ٱللَّهُ آيَاتِهِ وَٱللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ
٥٢
-Al-Hajj ( الحج )

Tafsir al-Tustari

We did not send before you any Messenger or prophet but that when he recited [the scripture]Satan cast [something] into his recitation…He said:That is, if he recites [the Scripture] and his lower self notices the recitation, Satan casts [somethinginto it], for he has a partnership with the lower self in this, and that noticing of the recitation comes from the desire of the lower self and its lust. However, if [the person reciting] then witnesses the One remembered (madhkūr) instead of the remembrance [itself] (dhikr), the heart will become oblivious of it [the recitation], and he will not witness anything besides his Master. Consequently Satan will become one of his captives. Do you not see how if a servant is inattentive (sahā) in his recitation (qirāʾa) or in his remembrance of his Lord, Mighty andMajestic is He, his heart acquiesces in the basest pleasures (huẓūẓ) of his lower self and thus can the Enemy [Satan] get at him. Ḥasan said, ‘The whispering (waswās) is of two kinds, one of which is from the lower self and the other from Satan. That which persists in coming is from the lower self, and assistance against it is sought through fasting, prayer and propriety (adab). However, that which [comes, but then] withdraws (nabdhan) is from Satan, and assistance against it is sought through the recitation of the Qurʾān and remembrance [of God] (dhikr).’His words:

Tafsīr al-Tustarī, trans. Annabel Keeler and Ali Keeler
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